Tech Stuff

Last edited 03/07/2006

Technical information:

http://www.getdata.com/

NBTSTAT

Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT (NetBIOS over TCP/IP).

NBTSTAT [ [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n] [-r] [-R] [-RR] [-s] [-S] [interval] ]

-a (adapter status)            Lists the remote machine's name table given its name
-A (Adapter status)            Lists the remote machine's name table given its IP address.
-c (cache)                        Lists NBT's cache of remote [machine] names and their IP addresses
-n (names)                       Lists local NetBIOS names.
-r (resolved)                     Lists names resolved by broadcast and via WINS
-R (Reload)                       Purges and reloads the remote cache name table
-S (Sessions)                    Lists sessions table with the destination IP addresses
-s (sessions)                     Lists sessions table converting destination IP addresses to computer NETBIOS names.
-RR (ReleaseRefresh)          Sends Name Release packets to WINS and then, starts Refresh

RemoteName                    Remote host machine name.
IP address                       Dotted decimal representation of the IP address.
interval                           Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds between each display. Press Ctrl+C to stop redisplaying statistics.

Bits & Bytes:

8 bits = 1 Byte
1,024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte (KB)
1,024 Kilobytes (KB) = 1 Megabyte (MB or Meg)
1,048,576 (2 to the 20th power) Bytes = 1 Megabyte (MB or Meg)
1,024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
1,073,741,824 Bytes = 1 Gigabyte

In computer terms, we use the uppercase versions of Kilo, Mega, Giga. Why? Simply because they are not powers of 10, but powers of 2. As such:

	1 kilo = 1,000 (10^3), but 1 Kilo = 1,024 (2^10)
	1 mega = 1,000,000 (10^6), but 1 Mega = 1,024 x 1,024 = 1,048,576 (2^20)
	1 giga = 1,000,000,000 (10^9), but 1 Giga = 1,073,741,824 (2^30)

This difference is not very important (2.4% for Kilo, 4.8% for Mega), but using the right numbers yields to much simpler and correct calculations when it comes to dealing with examples or the likes. For example, a camera that supports pictures up to 2048 x 1536; that's 3,145,728 pixels. Which is exactly 3 x 1024 x 1024! Therefore a 3 Megapixel camera.

NTFS vs FAT...

Criteria	NTFS5	NTFS	FAT32	FAT16
Operating System	Windows 2000 Windows XP	Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP	Windows 98 Windows ME Windows 2000 Windows XP	DOS All versions of Microsoft Windows

Limitations
Max Volume Size	2TB	2TB	2TB	2GB
Max Files on Volume	Nearly Unlimited	Nearly Unlimited	Nearly Unlimited	~65000
Max File Size	Limit Only by Volume Size	Limit Only by Volume Size	4GB	2GB
Max Clusters Number	Nearly Unlimited	Nearly Unlimited	268435456	65535
Max File Name Length	Up to 255	Up to 255	Up to 255	Standard - 8.3 Extended - up to 255

File System Features
Unicode File Names	Unicode Character Set	Unicode Character Set	System Character Set	System Character Set
System Records Mirror	MFT Mirror File	MFT Mirror File	Second Copy of FAT	Second Copy of FAT
Boot Sector Location	First and Last Sectors	First and Last Sectors	First Sector	First Sector
File Attributes	Standard and Custom	Standard and Custom	Standard Set	Standard Set
Alternate Streams	Yes	Yes	No	No
Compression	Yes	Yes	No	No
Encryption	Yes	No	No	No
Object Permissions	Yes	Yes	No	No
Disk Quotas	Yes	No	No	No
Sparse Files	Yes	No	No	No
Reparse Points	Yes	No	No	No
Volume Mount Points	Yes	No	No	No

Overall Performance
Built-In Security	Yes	Yes	No	No
Recoverability	Yes	Yes	No	No
Performance	Low on small volumes High on Large	Low on small volumes High on Large	High on small volumes Low on large	Highest on small volumes Low on large
Disk Space Economy	Max	Max	Average	Minimal on large volumes
Fault Tolerance	Max	Max	Minimal	Average

IRQ Information:

There are 16 IRQs (15 usable) in a computer system. Here is a typical assignment of these IRQs:

IRQ 0 System- System Timer
IRQ 1 System- Keyboard
IRQ 2 System- Cascadeable PIC (programmable interrupt controller), controls IRQ 8-15
IRQ 3 System- Serial Port (COM 2 and COM4)
IRQ 4 System - Serial Port (COM 1 and COM3)
IRQ 5 Available- General Adapter Use
IRQ 6 System- Diskette Controller
IRQ 7 System- Printer 1
IRQ 8 System- CMOS Real-time clock
IRQ 9 Available- General Adapter Use
IRQ 10 Available- General Adapter Use
IRQ 11 Available- General Adapter Use
IRQ 12 System- Mouse Port
IRQ 13 System- Math Co-processor (even though this is built into the CPU, it still uses an IRQ)
IRQ 14 System- Hard Disk Controller
IRQ 15 Available- General Adapter Use

Useful Commands: Click Start, then Run, type the desired command, then click OK; for help with commands, type the command followed by a space, then type /? then click OK. e.g. - XCOPY /? Or, type HELP COMMAND, e.g. HELP XCOPY, then click OK.

Windows 9x/ME/2000:

XCOPY - Copies files and directory trees.

Windows 98 / ME:

MSCONFIG - Handy tool to use to enable / disable startup programs, do selective boots, etcetera.

SYSEDIT - Opens system files ready for editing.

REGEDIT - do not use this without first making a backup of your registry, and only use it if you know what you are doing.

WINIPCFG - Network adaptor IP configurator tool.

Windows 2000/2003/XP:

tasklist /svc

net

IPCONFIG - Network adaptor IP configurator tool.

Intel® Desktop Board D865PERL

Drive Not Recognized During Install of Microsoft Windows* 98SE or Windows* Me

The ATA/IDE option can be configured as either "Enhanced (default)" or "Legacy" in the BIOS configuration. Windows* 98SE and Windows* Me operating systems do not support Enhanced mode IDE/Serial ATA resources for more than four devices. If the ATA/IDE option is set to Enhanced mode, the operating installation will not be able to recognize the drive, and the installation will fail.

Before installing 98SE or Me, the ATA/IDE configuration must be changed from Enhanced to Legacy mode. During boot, enter the BIOS setup by pressing F2 and proceed to Advanced>Drive Configuration>ATA/IDE Configuration. Change the option to "Legacy" and press F10 to save the configuration. After the system is restarted, Windows* 98SE or Windows* Me can be installed normally.

Note: Windows* XP and Windows* 2000 support enhanced mode IDE/Serial ATA resources for up to the maximum six devices. The ATA/IDE configuration is set to Enhanced by default and no BIOS configuration changes are necessary.

Windows XP includes the Create Shared Folder dialog box to ease the process. This compact utility allows you to use a GUI interface to create shares and set permissions.

The Create Shared Folder dialog box allows you to browse for the folder, name the share, and enter a description, as well as set permissions on the folder. The best part is that the window stays open for you to tackle the next share.

To open the Create Shared Folder dialog box, open the Run dialog box and type SHRPUBW.EXE. Once the Create Shared Folder dialog box is opened, follow the steps below to create a new shared folder.